Common Nouns Lexicon

A maharaja is a royal title of Sanskrit origin meaning "great king". Used by numerous rulers across the Indian subcontinent since antiquity, it designates a high-ranking sovereign ruling over a kingdom or princely state. It is one of the most prestigious royal titles in Indian history.

A maharana is a royal title borne primarily by the rulers of the kingdom of Mewar in present-day Rajasthan. Literally meaning "great rana", it distinguishes the sovereigns of this Rajput dynasty and ranks among the most prestigious royal titles in Indian history.

A mahavihara is a large Buddhist monastery, often used as a center for learning and religious practice. These monastic complexes played a crucial role in the spread of Buddhism across Asia.

Mahāvrata refers, in Jainism, to the five “great vows” observed by monks and nuns, forming the foundation of their ascetic and ethical commitment.

Mahawihan refers to a "great monastery" in the context of Buddhist temples.

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism that emphasizes universal compassion and the aspiration to achieve enlightenment for the benefit of all sentient beings.

The makara is a mythical aquatic creature in Hindu and Buddhist art, often hybrid (crocodile, elephant, fish) and linked to protection and abundance.

The Mammisi is an architectural structure associated with divine birth rituals in ancient Egypt, primarily dedicated to the celebration of the birth of gods.

A mandala is an ordered symbolic representation of sacred space, the cosmos, or a group of deities. Originating in the religious traditions of India, it generally consists of a centre surrounded by systematically arranged zones. It may take the form of a ritual diagram, painting, sculpture, or architectural composition.

A mandapa is a pavilion or hall in Indian religious architecture, generally supported by pillars. It may stand before the principal sanctuary, connect different parts of a temple or accommodate worshippers, ceremonies and offerings. Compound names identify its position, function or association with a particular deity.