Umayyad

 The Umayyad dynasty ruled the Muslim world from 661 to 750 AD, expanding its empire from Spain to India.

Established after the death of Ali, the last rightly guided Caliph, the Umayyad dynasty marks the beginning of Muslim imperial expansion. Under their rule, the Muslim empire reached its territorial zenith, encompassing much of the Mediterranean world and South Asia. The Umayyads introduced administrative and architectural innovations, including the construction of the Great Mosque of Damascus and the Alhambra in Granada. Their fall in 750 led to the rise of the Abbasids, who shifted the capital to Baghdad.