Shiism

Shiism is a major branch of Islam, primarily distinguished from Sunnism by its recognition of Ali and his descendants as the legitimate successors to Prophet Muhammad.

Shiism arose after the death of Prophet Muhammad in 632, following disputes over his succession. Shiites believe that Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, and his descendants, the imams, are the only legitimate successors, endowed with both spiritual and temporal authority. This belief is based on the idea that the imams are infallible and divinely guided, giving them a central role in the interpretation of sacred texts and guiding the community. Shiism has several branches, the most notable being the Twelvers, Ismailis, and Zaydis, each with its own interpretation of the imam's succession line. Shiism has played an influential role in the political and social history of regions like Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon.