jalis

A jalis is a perforated stone screen, commonly used in Indo-Islamic architecture for decoration, ventilation, and light regulation.

The term "jalis" comes from Hindi and Urdu, literally meaning "net" or "lattice". These screens are often intricately carved from stone and integrated into the windows, partitions, or balconies of traditional Indo-Islamic buildings. Jalis serve multiple practical and aesthetic functions: they allow air circulation, helping to cool interiors, and filter sunlight, creating decorative shadow patterns indoors. In addition to their functional uses, jalis are works of art, often adorned with complex geometric patterns, floral designs, or Islamic calligraphy. These architectural elements are particularly prominent in palaces, mosques, and tombs, such as the Taj Mahal and the Red Fort in Agra.