mastabas

Mastabas are ancient Egyptian funerary tombs, characterized by a rectangular structure with a flat roof and sloping walls. They were mainly used for the burials of nobles and high officials.

Mastabas, primarily dating from the Old Kingdom (circa 2700-2200 BCE), were the most common type of tombs for nobles and high officials in ancient Egypt before the construction of pyramids. The term "mastaba" means "bench" in Arabic, referring to the low rectangular shape of these structures. Each mastaba had two main parts: a chapel or offering room where relatives could leave goods for the deceased, and an underground burial chamber where the sarcophagus was placed. The walls of mastabas were often decorated with bas-reliefs and inscriptions depicting the life of the deceased and funerary rites. They served not only as a resting place but also as a means to ensure the immortality of the soul through offerings and prayers. The most famous mastabas are found at Saqqara and Giza, preceding the royal pyramids such as that of Djoser.